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<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://developer.51cto.com/art/201507/483448.htm<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">GitHub是一个免费托管开源代码的Git服务器，如果我们不想公开项目的源代码，又不想付费使用，那么我们可以自己搭建一台Git服务器。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">下面我们就看看，如何在Ubuntu上搭建Git服务器。我们使用VMware虚拟机安装两台Ubantu系统，分别命名为gitServer和gitClient_01。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1、安装OpenSSH并配置SSH无密码登陆<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">通过命令 sudo apt-get install openssh-server,安装SSH服务。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413843148106.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">通过命令 ps –e|grep ssh,查看ssh服务是否启动。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413843657483.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">通过以上命令，我们为Ubantu系统安装SSH服务，并配置SSH无密码登陆，首先我们修改主机和ip配置文件：gedit /ect/hosts<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413843312508.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2、创建用户git，用来管理运行git服务。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413844216716.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3、配置无密码SSH登陆<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在gitClient_01上，我们使用命令：ssh-keygen –t rsa 生成密钥，如下图<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413844702529.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">完成之后，在.ssh目录下，我们可以看到id_rsa和id_rsa.pub文件，id_rsa.pub为公钥，我们 通过命令scp /home/git/.ssh/id_rsa.pub gitServer:/home/git将gitClient_01上生成的公钥拷贝到gitServer上。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在gitServer上我们首先查看/home/git/.ssh目录下是否存在authorized_kesys文件，<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">如果没有，可以通过touch authorized_keys创建此文件。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Authorized_keys创建完成后，将gitClient_01上拷贝过来的公钥id_rsa.pub的内容追 加到authroized_keys中，注意是追加到此文件中，可以使用命令cat /home/git/id_rsa.pub&gt;&gt;/home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys.<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">以上内容完成后，我们在gitClient_01中，可以使用命令ssh gitServer即可完成无密码登陆。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413844312695.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4、安装Git<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">通过命令 sudo apt-get install git-core,安装git<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413844478338.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5、建立git仓库的存储目录。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413844804275.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6、初始化服务器端仓库<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">使用命令 git –bare init /home/git/myRep.git,初始化化仓库<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413844125346.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">7、在gitClient_01上，通过git clone命令进行克隆远程仓库，并在各自的电脑上运行开发。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Git clone&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/jerehedu/p/mailto:git@gitServer:/home/git/myRep.git" style="color: rgb(255, 66, 0); transition: all 0.5s ease 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">git@gitServer:/home/git/myRep.git</a><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413845841942.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">通过以上的步骤我们就完成了git服务器的搭建，完成搭建后，我们需要了解一下与git服务器交互过程中所用到命令。主要命令有 git clone、git remote、git fetch、git pull、git push等，下面我们逐一了解<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1、git clone<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">此命令是我们和远程仓库交互的第一步，通过此命令，我们可以将远程版本库克隆到本地，如上面第7步我们就使用了此命令，将远程库克隆道了本地。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">语法：git clone 版本库的网址&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 本地库名称<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">本地库名称可以省略，省略后在本地会生成一个和远程版本库名字相同的目录。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2、git remote<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">此命令用于管理远程主机名，此命令在没有参数的情况下可以列出所有主机名。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413845848307.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">显示origin是在使用clone命令，克隆远程版本库时Git自动为远程主机命名。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413845845715.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">通过命令 git remote –v，可查看版本库的网址。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3、git fetch<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">此命令可以将远程版本库的更新，更新到本地库。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">语法：git fetch 主机名字<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413845217255.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在默认情况下，git fetch origin将会更新远程主机origin上的所有分支，如果只想更新某个分支，则在主机名origin后面加分支名。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">语法：git fetch origin master<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4、git push<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">此命令用于将本地分支的更新推送到远程主机。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">语法：git push 远程主机名 本地分支名：远程分支名<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">如果省略远程分支名，则表示将本地分支推送与存在最终关系的远程分支，如果远程分支不存在，则会被新建。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">如：git push origin master,表示将本地master分支推送到origin主机的master分支上。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="版本控制-搭建git服务器" src="/ueditor/php/upload/image/20181222/1545413845956466.jpg" style="border: none;"/><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">如果省略本地分子名，则表示要删除远程主机中分支，如git push origin : master,则表示删除origin主机中master分支<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5、git pull<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">此命令用于获取远程分支中更新。<p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">语法：git pull 远程主机 远程分支：本地分支如：git pull origin master:master,表示将远程主机origin中的master分支跟新到本地分支master。