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一、简介 二、版本 三、LVM 模块 四、具体操作 对添加的硬盘进行分区(fdisk /dev/[hs]d[a-z]) 对创建的分区创建物理卷(pvcreate) 给逻辑卷创建逻辑容器(卷组） 在卷组创建大小不同的逻辑卷(lvcreate) 给以存在的卷组扩大容量 实现在线扩大LVM容量 实现缩减LVM容量(不支持在线缩减) 减小卷组容量 利用给LVM创建快照，并完成备份并还原数据 一、简介 LVM是 Logical Volume Manager（逻辑卷管理）的简写，它是Linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制，它由Heinz Mauelshagen在Linux 2.4内核上实现，于1998年发布到Linux社区中，它允许你在Linux系统上用简单的命令行管理一个完整的逻辑卷管理环境。 二、版本 LVM1&nbsp; 最初的LVM与1998年发布，只在Linux内核2.4版本上可用，它提供最基本的逻辑卷管理。 LVM2&nbsp; LVM-1的更新版本，在Linux内核2.6中才可用，它在标准的LVM-1功能外还提供了额外的功能。 查看：（测试机CentOS 5.5 X86_64） &nbsp;[root@localhost ~]# uname -a Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Fri Apr 2 14:58:14 EDT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@localhost ~]# uname -r 2.6.18-194.el5 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep lvm lvm2-2.02.56-8.el5 [root@localhost ~]# 三、LVM 模块 Physical volume (PV)、Volume group (VG)、Logical volume(LV)、 Physical extent (PE)，下面我们用一个简单的图来说明下物理卷、卷组、逻辑卷他们之间的关系(此图只是个人理解，仅供参考) 简而言之： 逻辑卷的创建，就是将多块硬盘创建物理卷，而将这些物理卷以逻辑的形式总成一个容器，然后从这个容器里面创建大小不同的分区文件，而这个容器就是所谓的逻辑卷，而从这个容器里创建大小不同的分区文件，这个分区文件就叫做逻辑卷。嘿嘿，你懂了吗？ ^_^ …… 四、具体操作 1. 分区 root@localhost ~]# fdisk –l #查看已存在的分区与硬盘 Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes &nbsp; 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders&nbsp; &nbsp; Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; End&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Blocks&nbsp;&nbsp; Id&nbsp; System &nbsp; /dev/sda1*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 33&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 265041&nbsp;&nbsp; 83&nbsp; Linux&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sda234&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1308&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10241437+&nbsp; 83&nbsp; Linux&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IT网，http://www.it.net.cn /dev/sda31309&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1945&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5116702+&nbsp; 83&nbsp; Linux&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sda41946&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2610&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5341612+&nbsp;&nbsp; 5&nbsp; Extended&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sda51946&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2072&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1020096&nbsp;&nbsp; 82&nbsp; Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes &nbsp; 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders&nbsp; &nbsp; Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk /dev/sdbdoesn&#39;t contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes &nbsp; 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders&nbsp; &nbsp; Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk /dev/sdcdoesn&#39;t contain a valid partition table [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb #给/sdb分区,效果如下 Command (m forhelp): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes &nbsp; 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders&nbsp; &nbsp; Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; End&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Blocks&nbsp;&nbsp; Id&nbsp; System &nbsp; /dev/sdb11&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 244&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1959898+&nbsp; 8e&nbsp; Linux LVM #注意修改分区类型为8e&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb2245&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 488&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1959930&nbsp;&nbsp; 8e&nbsp; Linux LVM&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb3489&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 732&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1959930&nbsp;&nbsp; 8e&nbsp; Linux LVM Command (m forhelp): [root@localhost ~]# partprobe #让内核重新读取一下硬盘 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes&nbsp;&nbsp; Linux学习，http:// linux.it.net.cn 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders&nbsp; &nbsp; Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; End&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Blocks&nbsp;&nbsp; Id&nbsp; System &nbsp; /dev/sdb11&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 244&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1959898+&nbsp; 8e&nbsp; Linux LVM&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb2245&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 488&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1959930&nbsp;&nbsp; 8e&nbsp; Linux LVM&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb3489&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 732&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1959930&nbsp;&nbsp; 8e&nbsp; Linux LVM&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# 2. 将物理分区与硬盘创建为物理卷(pvcreate) &nbsp;[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb[1-3] #将分区创建为物理卷 &nbsp; Physical volume &quot;/dev/sdb1&quot;successfully created&nbsp; &nbsp; Physical volume &quot;/dev/sdb2&quot;successfully created&nbsp; &nbsp; Physical volume &quot;/dev/sdb3&quot;successfully created&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc&nbsp; #将硬盘创建为物理卷 &nbsp; Physical volume &quot;/dev/sdc&quot;successfully created [root@localhost ~]# pvs #查看创建的物理卷 &nbsp; PV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VG&nbsp;&nbsp; Fmt&nbsp; Attr PSize&nbsp; PFree&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb1myvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb2myvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb3myvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdcmyvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp; 20.00G 20.00G 3. 将物理卷(pv)创建为卷组(vgcreate)，名为myvg [root@localhost ~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sdb[1-3] /dev/sdc Volume group &quot;myvg&quot;successfully created &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# vgs&nbsp; &nbsp; VG&nbsp;&nbsp; #PV #LV #SN Attr&nbsp;&nbsp; VSize&nbsp; VFree&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; myvg&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 wz--n- 25.60G 25.60G&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay &nbsp; --- Volume group ---&nbsp; &nbsp; VG Name&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; myvg #卷组名&nbsp; &nbsp; System ID&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Format&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; lvm2&nbsp; &nbsp; Metadata Areas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp; &nbsp; Metadata Sequence No&nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; VG Access&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; read/write VG Status&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; resizable&nbsp; &nbsp; MAX LV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp; &nbsp; Cur LV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp; &nbsp; Open LV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp; &nbsp; Max PV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp; &nbsp; Cur PV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp; &nbsp; Act PV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp; &nbsp; VG Size&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 25.60 GB&nbsp; &nbsp; PE Size&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.00 MB #物理盘的基本单位：默认4MB&nbsp; &nbsp; Total PE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6553&nbsp; &nbsp; Alloc PE / Size&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 / 0 Free&nbsp; PE / Size&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6553 / 25.60 GB&nbsp; &nbsp; VG UUID&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; wuNBgb-tP95-pVoX-ehHw-cMfN-hyem-PNMqwe&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# 4. 在卷组里创建逻辑卷并格式化、挂载使用 &nbsp;[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 2G -n mylv1 myvg #创建逻辑卷 &nbsp; Logical volume &quot;mylv1&quot;created&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# lvs #查看逻辑卷&nbsp; &nbsp; LV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VG&nbsp;&nbsp; Attr&nbsp;&nbsp; LSize Origin Snap%&nbsp; Move Log Copy%&nbsp; Convert&nbsp; &nbsp; mylv1 myvg -wi-a- 2.00G&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/myvg/mylv1 #格式化逻辑卷&nbsp; &nbsp; mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)&nbsp; &nbsp; Filesystem label=&nbsp; &nbsp; OS type: Linux&nbsp; &nbsp; Block size=4096 (log=2)&nbsp; &nbsp; Fragment size=4096 (log=2)&nbsp; &nbsp; 262144 inodes, 524288 blocks&nbsp; &nbsp; 26214 blocks (5.00%) reserved forthe super user&nbsp; &nbsp; First data block=0&nbsp; &nbsp; Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912&nbsp; &nbsp; 16 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group&nbsp; &nbsp; 16384 inodes per group&nbsp; &nbsp; Superblock backups stored on blocks:&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or&nbsp;&nbsp; IT网，http://www.it.net.cn 180 days, whichever comes first.&nbsp; Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mydata #创建挂载目录&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv1 /mydata/ #挂载 [root@localhost ~]# mount #查看是否挂载成功 &nbsp; /dev/sda2on / typeext3 (rw)&nbsp; &nbsp; proc on /proctypeproc (rw)&nbsp; &nbsp; sysfs on /systypesysfs (rw)&nbsp; &nbsp; devpts on /dev/ptstypedevpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sda3on /datatypeext3 (rw)&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sda1on /boottypeext3 (rw)&nbsp; &nbsp; tmpfs on /dev/shmtypetmpfs (rw)&nbsp; &nbsp; none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misctypebinfmt_misc (rw)&nbsp; &nbsp; sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefstyperpc_pipefs (rw)&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1on /mydatatypeext3 (rw)&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# ls /mydata/ #查看&nbsp;&nbsp; IT网，http://www.it.net.cn lost+found&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# df –h #查看硬盘&nbsp; &nbsp; Filesystem&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Size&nbsp; Used Avail Use% Mounted on&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sda29.5G&nbsp; 1.8G&nbsp; 7.2G&nbsp; 20% /&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sda34.8G&nbsp; 138M&nbsp; 4.4G&nbsp;&nbsp; 4% /data /dev/sda1251M&nbsp;&nbsp; 17M&nbsp; 222M&nbsp;&nbsp; 7% /boot tmpfs&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 60M&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp;&nbsp; 60M&nbsp;&nbsp; 0% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 2.0G&nbsp;&nbsp; 68M&nbsp; 1.9G&nbsp;&nbsp; 4% /mydata [root@localhost ~]# 5. 发现卷组空间不够，我们扩大卷组空间&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd #将新硬盘/sdd加入物理卷中&nbsp; &nbsp; Physical volume &quot;/dev/sdd&quot;successfully created [root@localhost ~]# pvs #查看物理卷 &nbsp; /dev/cdrom: openfailed: No medium found&nbsp; &nbsp; PV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VG&nbsp;&nbsp; Fmt&nbsp; Attr PSize&nbsp; PFree&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb1myvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb2myvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb3myvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdcmyvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp; 20.00G 18.00G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sddmyvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp; 20.00G 20.00G&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# vgextend myvg /dev/sdd #扩展卷组 &nbsp; Volume group &quot;myvg&quot;successfully extended&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# vgs #查看新增加的卷组&nbsp; &nbsp; VG&nbsp;&nbsp; #PV #LV #SN Attr&nbsp;&nbsp; VSize&nbsp; VFree&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; myvg&nbsp;&nbsp; 5&nbsp;&nbsp; 1&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 wz--n- 45.59G 43.59G&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# 6. 扩展逻辑卷 (支持在线扩展) 将/dev/myvg/mylv1扩展到4G，并且要求数据可以正常访问 [root@localhost ~]# cd /mydata/ &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# touch index.html&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# echo &quot;test&quot; &gt; index.html&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# cat index.html&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; test [root@localhost mydata]# vgs &nbsp; /dev/cdrom: openfailed: No medium found&nbsp; &nbsp; VG&nbsp;&nbsp; #PV #LV #SN Attr&nbsp;&nbsp; VSize&nbsp; VFree&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; myvg&nbsp;&nbsp; 5&nbsp;&nbsp; 1&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 wz--n- 45.59G 43.59G&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# lvextend -L +2G /dev/myvg/mylv1 Extending logical volume mylv1 to 4.00 GB&nbsp; &nbsp; Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized [root@localhost mydata]# resize2fs -p /dev/myvg/mylv1 #通过 resize2fs 将文件系统的容量确实添加 resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)&nbsp; &nbsp; Filesystem at /dev/myvg/mylv1is mounted on /mydata; on-line resizing required&nbsp; &nbsp; Performing an on-line resize of /dev/myvg/mylv1to 1048576 (4k) blocks.&nbsp; &nbsp; The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv1is now 1048576 blocks long. [root@localhost mydata]# lvs &nbsp; LV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VG&nbsp;&nbsp; Attr&nbsp;&nbsp; LSize Origin Snap%&nbsp; Move Log Copy%&nbsp; Convert&nbsp; &nbsp; mylv1 myvg -wi-ao 4.00G&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# [root@localhost mydata]# cat index.html&nbsp; &nbsp; test [root@localhost mydata]# df -h&nbsp; &nbsp; Filesystem&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Size&nbsp; Used Avail Use% Mounted on&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Linux学习，http:// linux.it.net.cn /dev/sda29.5G&nbsp; 1.8G&nbsp; 7.2G&nbsp; 20% /&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sda34.8G&nbsp; 138M&nbsp; 4.4G&nbsp;&nbsp; 4% /data /dev/sda1251M&nbsp;&nbsp; 17M&nbsp; 222M&nbsp;&nbsp; 7% /boot tmpfs&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 60M&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp;&nbsp; 60M&nbsp;&nbsp; 0% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 4.0G&nbsp;&nbsp; 69M&nbsp; 3.7G&nbsp;&nbsp; 2% /mydata#成功增加了2G&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# 7. 缩减逻辑卷 查看逻辑卷使用空间状况 不能在线缩减，得先卸载 确保缩减后的空间大小依然能存储原有的所有数据 在缩减之前应该先强行检查文件，以确保文件系统处于一至性状态 将/dev/myvg/mylv1缩减到1G，并且要求数据可以正常访问 (所以我们就按上面的提示在操作） [root@localhost ~]#df –lh #查看已用空间大小 [root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/myvg/mylv1 #卸载分区 [root@localhost ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/myvg/mylv1 #强制检查文件系统 [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv1 1G #缩减逻辑大小&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# lvreduce -L 1G /dev/myvg/mylv1 #缩减物理边界大小 [root@localhost ~]# lvs #查看逻辑卷 &nbsp; /dev/cdrom: openfailed: No medium found&nbsp; &nbsp; LV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VG&nbsp;&nbsp; Attr&nbsp;&nbsp; LSize Origin Snap%&nbsp; Move Log Copy%&nbsp; Convert&nbsp; &nbsp; mylv1 myvg -wi-ao 1.00G&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv1 /mydata [root@localhost ~]# ls /mydata/ &nbsp; index.html&nbsp; lost+found&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# cat /mydata/index.html&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; test [root@localhost ~]# 8. 缩减磁盘空间 发现物理磁盘空间使用不足，将其中一块硬盘或分区拿掉 pvmove /dev/sdb1 #将/dev/sdb1上存储的数据移到其它物理卷中 IT网，http://www.it.net.cn vgreduce myvg /dev/sdb1 #将/dev/sdb1从myvg卷组中移除 Linux学习，http:// linux.it.net.cn pvremove /dev/sdb1 #将/dev/sdb1从物理卷上移除 [root@localhost ~]# pvs &nbsp; /dev/cdrom: openfailed: No medium found&nbsp; &nbsp; PV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VG&nbsp;&nbsp; Fmt&nbsp; Attr PSize&nbsp; PFree&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb1myvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb2myvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb3myvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdcmyvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp; 20.00G 19.00G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sddmyvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp; 20.00G 20.00G&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# pvmove /dev/sdb1&nbsp; &nbsp; No data to move formyvg [root@localhost ~]# vgreduce myvg /dev/sdb1 &nbsp; Removed &quot;/dev/sdb1&quot;from volume group &quot;myvg&quot; root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb1 &nbsp; Labels on physical volume &quot;/dev/sdb1&quot;successfully wiped&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# pvs&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/cdrom: openfailed: No medium found&nbsp; &nbsp; PV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VG&nbsp;&nbsp; Fmt&nbsp; Attr PSize&nbsp; PFree&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb2myvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdb3myvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; 1.87G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sdcmyvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp; 20.00G 19.00G&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sddmyvg lvm2 a-&nbsp;&nbsp; 20.00G 20.00G&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost ~]# 9. 实现快照，进行备份还原 在/mnt/lvm目录上，我们将原始的目录文件进行快照，然后将/mydata目录中的内容清空，并进行还原 &nbsp;[root@localhost ~]# cd /mydata/ &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# ls&nbsp; &nbsp; index.html&nbsp; lost+found&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# cat index.html&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; test [root@localhost mydata]# lvcreate -L 30M -n backup -s -p r /dev/myvg/mylv1 #-L 快照大小 –n:快照名称 –p 权限只读 –s 创建快照&nbsp; &nbsp; Rounding up size to full physical extent 32.00 MB&nbsp; &nbsp; Logical volume &quot;backup&quot;created&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# ll&nbsp; &nbsp; total 20&nbsp; &nbsp; -rw-r--r-- 1 root root&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5 Jun 28 01:04 index.html&nbsp; &nbsp; drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 28 00:47 lost+found&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# mkdir /tmp/backup #创建挂载目录&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# mount /dev/myvg/backup /tmp/backup/ #挂载 mount: block device /dev/myvg/backupis write-protected, mounting read-only &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# cd /tmp/backup/&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost backup]# ls&nbsp; &nbsp; index.html&nbsp; lost+found&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost backup]# mkdir /tmp/lvmbackup #创建备份目录&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost backup]# tar jcf /tmp/lvmbackup/sandy.tar.bz2 index.html&nbsp; #打包并压缩文件&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost backup]# cd ..&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost tmp]# cd lvmbackup/&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost lvmbackup]# ls #查看备份&nbsp; &nbsp; sandy.tar.bz2&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost lvmbackup]# cd /mydata/&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# ll&nbsp; &nbsp; total 20&nbsp; &nbsp; -rw-r--r-- 1 root root&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5 Jun 28 01:04 index.html&nbsp; &nbsp; drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 28 00:47 lost+found&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# rm -rf * #删除所有文件&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]#&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# ll&nbsp; &nbsp; total 0&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# tar xf /tmp/lvmbackup/sandy.tar.bz2 #还原备份数据&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# ll&nbsp; &nbsp; total 4&nbsp; &nbsp; -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Jun 28 01:04 index.html&nbsp; &nbsp; [root@localhost mydata]# cat index.html&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; test [root@localhost mydata]# df -h&nbsp; &nbsp; Filesystem&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Size&nbsp; Used Avail Use% Mounted on&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sda29.5G&nbsp; 1.8G&nbsp; 7.2G&nbsp; 21% /&nbsp; &nbsp; /dev/sda34.8G&nbsp; 138M&nbsp; 4.4G&nbsp;&nbsp; 4% /data /dev/sda1251M&nbsp;&nbsp; 17M&nbsp; 222M&nbsp;&nbsp; 7% /boot tmpfs&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 60M&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp;&nbsp; 60M&nbsp;&nbsp; 0% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 1008M&nbsp;&nbsp; 67M&nbsp; 901M&nbsp;&nbsp; 7% /mydata /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 1008M&nbsp;&nbsp; 67M&nbsp; 901M&nbsp;&nbsp; 7% /tmp/backup [root@localhost mydata]# 了解以上步骤操作的含义，我相信大家应该对LVM有更深的认识，嘿嘿 ^_^…… IT